Erythronium quinaultense

G.A. Allen

Quinault Fawnlily

G1Critically Imperiled Found in 1 roadless area NatureServe Explorer →
G1Critically ImperiledGlobal Rank
Very highThreat Impact
Identity
Unique IDELEMENT_GLOBAL.2.637297
Element CodePMLIL0U0T0
Record TypeSPECIES
ClassificationSpecies
Classification StatusStandard
Name CategoryVascular Plant
Endemicendemic to a single state or province
KingdomPlantae
PhylumAnthophyta
ClassMonocotyledoneae
OrderLiliales
FamilyLiliaceae
GenusErythronium
Concept Reference
Allen, G. A. 2001. Hybrid speciation in Erythronium (Liliaceae): a new allotetraploid species from Washington state. Systematic Botany 26(2):263-272.
Taxonomic Comments
Erythronium quinaultense was described in 2001, and was discovered via molecular analysis to be of hybrid origin with parents E. revolutum and E. montanum (Allen 2001). E. quinaultense is morphologically intermediate between E. revolutum and E. montanum (Allen 2001). "In both elevation and geographic range it is distinct from its parent taxa" (Allen 2001).
Conservation Status
Rank Method Rank calculation - Biotics v2
Review Date2026-04-29
Change Date2026-04-29
Edition Date2026-04-29
Edition AuthorsTomaino, A. (2020), rev. Dan Turck (WANHP) and Soteropoulos (2026)
Threat ImpactVery high
Range Extent250-1000 square km (about 100-400 square miles)
Number of Occurrences1 - 5
Rank Reasons
Erythronium quinaultense is a perennial herb found in openings and on rocky ledges in wet, montane coniferous forest. It is endemic to the northwestern United States in the southwestern Olympic Mountains in Washington. There are four occurrences, which face very high threats from logging and associated logging roads as well as trampling by elk. Population persistence after logging is uncertain, though plants may not survive this habitat alteration or subsequent reforestation with dense stands for timber.
Range Extent Comments
Erythronium quinaultense is endemic to the northwestern United States, where it is restricted to a small geographic area of two adjacent ridge systems in the southwestern Olympic Mountains, Washington, in Clallam, Grays Harbor, and Jefferson counties (Allen 2001, WANHP 2026).
Occurrences Comments
There are four occurrences (WANHP 2026b).
Threat Impact Comments
Erythronium quinaultense faces very high threats from logging, logging roads, and trampling by elk (WANHP 2026b). Three of the four occurrences are located on lands that will have timber harvesting (WANHP 2026b). The USFS (2008) noted impact by invasive plants at eight sites in Olympic National Forest, but the current scope and severity of invasive species is unknown.
Ecology & Habitat

Habitat

This species occurs in openings and on rocky ledges in wet, montane coniferous forest (Allen 2001; FNA 2002). Associated species include Pseudotsuga menziesii, Abies amabilis, Tsuga heterophylla, Thuja plicata, Vaccinium parviflorum, Vaccinium alaskense, Rubus spectabilis, Gaultheria shallon, Blechnum spicant, Xerophyllum tenax, and Oxalis oregana (Camp and Gamon 2011).
Terrestrial Habitats
Forest/WoodlandForest - ConiferForest EdgeBare rock/talus/scree
Palustrine Habitats
FORESTED WETLAND
Other Nations (1)
United StatesN1
ProvinceRankNative
WashingtonS1Yes
Threat Assessments
ThreatScopeSeverityTiming
4 - Transportation & service corridorsUnknownUnknown
4 - Transportation & service corridorsPervasive (71-100%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
4.1 - Roads & railroadsPervasive (71-100%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
5 - Biological resource usePervasive (71-100%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
5.3 - Logging & wood harvestingPervasive (71-100%)Serious or 31-70% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8 - Invasive & other problematic species, genes & diseasesPervasive (71-100%)Slight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)
8.1 - Invasive non-native/alien species/diseasesLarge (31-70%)Serious - moderate
8.2 - Problematic native species/diseasesPervasive (71-100%)Slight or 1-10% pop. declineHigh (continuing)

Plant Characteristics
DurationPERENNIAL
Economic Value (Genus)No
Roadless Areas (1)
Washington (1)
AreaForestAcres
South QuinaultOlympic National Forest11,081
References (7)
  1. Allen, G. A. 2001. Hybrid speciation in <i>Erythronium </i>(Liliaceae): a new allotetraploid species from Washington state. Systematic Botany 26(2):263-272.
  2. Camp, P., and J.G. Gamon, eds. 2011. Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Washington. Washington Natural Heritage Program and Washington State Department of Natural Resources. University of Washington Press, Seattle. 408 pp.
  3. Flora of North America Editorial Committee (FNA). 2002a. Flora of North America north of Mexico. Vol. 26. Magnoliophyta: Liliidae: Liliales and Orchidales. Oxford Univ. Press, New York. xxvi + 723 pp.
  4. Kartesz, J.T. 1999. A synonymized checklist and atlas with biological attributes for the vascular flora of the United States, Canada, and Greenland. First edition. In: Kartesz, J.T., and C.A. Meacham. Synthesis of the North American Flora, Version 1.0. North Carolina Botanical Garden, Chapel Hill, N.C.
  5. U.S. Forest Service (USFS). 2008. Olympic National Forest Final Environmental Impact Statement And Record of Decision. Beyond Prevention: Site-Specific Invasive Plant Treatment Project March 17, 2008 Clallam, Grays Harbor, Jefferson, and Mason Counties in the State of Washington. U.S. Department of Agriculture, Forest Service, Pacific Northwest Region. 238 pp. [https://www.fs.usda.gov/nfs/11558/www/nepa/101135_FSPLT3_2573758.pdf].
  6. Washington Natural Heritage Program. 2026. Unpublished rank calculator spreadsheet for <i>Erythronium quinaultense </i>version 3.2.
  7. Washington Natural Heritage Program (WNHP). 2026. Online Field Guide to the Rare Plants of Washington. Online. Available: https://fieldguide.mt.gov/wa (accessed 2026).